Reviewed by Dr. Terry White, DVM
Arthritis is a common condition affecting not just humans but our canine and feline companions as well. As pets age, the likelihood of developing arthritis increases, leading to potential pain and reduced mobility. At EverPal, our commitment is to ensure every pet lives a happy and healthy life. Therefore, our veterinarians have prepared The Complete Guide to Arthritis in Dogs to help you proactively manage the health of your beloved fur baby.
What is in This Guide
What is Arthritis in Dogs?
Arthritis, also known as osteoarthritis or degenerative joint disease, involves inflammation and deterioration of joints, resulting in pain and decreased mobility. It typically affects senior pets but can also be seen in younger animals due to congenital joint disorders or injuries. In dogs, arthritis most commonly affects the hips, elbows, lower back, knees, and wrists.
Types of Arthritis in Dogs
Arthritis is broadly categorized as either primary or secondary.
1. Primary Arthritis
Primary arthritis, also known as idiopathic arthritis, is less common and typically occurs without a preceding cause. This form is often associated with aging. As pets grow older, the normal wear and tear on the joints can lead to the gradual deterioration of cartilage, resulting in primary arthritis. This type is more about the natural degradation that comes with many years of activity.
2. Secondary Arthritis
Secondary arthritis is more prevalent and occurs as a result of a specific trigger or underlying condition. Several factors can contribute to the development of secondary arthritis in pets:
Joint Injuries: Injuries such as fractures or ligament tears can lead to abnormal joint stress and eventually arthritis.
Congenital Disorders: Conditions like hip dysplasia or elbow dysplasia, where the joints don't develop properly, can lead to secondary arthritis. These issues cause abnormal stresses on the joints, which over time degenerate the cartilage.
Obesity: Carrying extra weight puts additional stress on a pet’s joints, significantly increasing the risk of developing arthritis.
Inflammatory Conditions: Certain autoimmune diseases can cause inflammation of the joints, leading to secondary arthritis. These conditions include the likes of rheumatoid arthritis in dogs, which, although rare, does occur.
Symptoms of Arthritis in Dogs
Recognizing the signs of arthritis early on can greatly enhance the effectiveness of treatments and interventions. Common symptoms include:
Limping or Uneven Gait: You might notice your pet favoring one leg over others or displaying difficulty in walking normally.
Difficulty Moving: Pets may hesitate when asked to jump, run, or even walk up and down stairs.
Painful Reactions: Pets might yelp or growl when touched in certain areas.
Increased Stiffness: your pet appear more stiff and slow, especially after resting or first thing in the morning.
Behavioral Changes: Look for signs such as decreased activity, less interest in playing, or overall withdrawal.
Managing and Treating Arthritis in Dogs
There is unfortunately no cure for arthritis. Therefore, our goals for helping our beloved pets are:
Reduce our pet’s discomfort
Minimize further degenerative changes to the joint
Restore the joint’s functionality
6 effective strategies can help manage the symptoms and improve the quality of life for your furry family member.
1. Pain Relief Treatments
Regular check-ups with a veterinarian are crucial. They can prescribe medications like NSAIDs or other pain relievers specifically designed for dogs, which can significantly reduce discomfort.
If your pet is taking an NSAID, regular blood tests, including complete blood counts and biochemistry profiles, should be done every few months. These tests help ensure that the medication isn't adversely affecting the liver or kidneys.
2. Monoclonal Antibody Treatments
The recent breakthrough of monoclonal antibody treatments for arthritis in dogs is one the newest modalities, and it has shown remarkable results in reducing inflammation and pain, without the side effects commonly associated with traditional treatments like NSAIDs. These treatments target specific molecules involved in the inflammation process.
Discuss with your vet or Dr. Terry White at EverPal, as it could offer our beloved furry family members a chance to enjoy their golden years with renewed vigor.
3. Supplements
Joint supplements known as chondroprotective agents can help aid joint health by supporting the cartilage and showing some anti-inflammatory effects. The main components include polysulfated glycosaminoglycan (PSGAG), glucosamine, and chondroitin sulfate.
Injectable vs. Oral PSGAGs
Oftentimes there is no improvement with Chondroprotective Therapies, potentially due to:
Cartilage Depletion: Sometimes, there's too little cartilage left, leading to bone-on-bone contact which may not respond to treatment.
Unresponsive Joint Inflammation: Inflammation that does not respond to treatment.
Variable Drug Absorption: Different products may have inconsistent absorption rates.
Lack of Pain Relief: These agents may not always provide necessary pain relief.
The injectable PSGAGs, although more expensive, often provide quicker and longer-lasting effects. Discuss with your vet or Dr. White at EverPal the best options and appropriate dosages for your pet.
Diets containing omega-3 fatty acids may help reduce inflammation. Some studies have found that dietary supplementation with fish oil omega-3 fatty acids can improve the clinical signs of arthritis in dogs.
4. Weight Management
Keeping your pet at a healthy weight reduces the strain on their joints. Daily low-impact activities, such as walking or swimming, can help your pet improve joint mobility, muscle mass, and exercise tolerance. Work with your vet or our experienced EverPal veterinarian to design a diet and exercise plan suitable for your pet’s condition.
5. Alternative Therapies
Consider physical therapies such as acupuncture, massage, water therapy, or rehabilitation therapy (e.g. laser therapy, radial shock wave therapy, pulsed signal therapy) that may be helpful in maintaining joint function and mobility.
6. Environmental Adjustments
Make your home more friendly by adding ramps where necessary, providing soft bedding, and keeping essentials within easy reach to avoid unnecessary strain.
Understanding available treatments can make a significant difference in your pet’s comfort. By incorporating a combination of medical treatment, lifestyle adjustments, and supportive care, you can help manage your pet’s arthritis effectively and ensure they continue to enjoy a good quality of life.
Early Prevention of Arthritis in Dogs
We can help our fur babies lead a healthier and more comfortable life as they age by ensuring:
Regular Exercise
Maintaining a regular exercise routine helps keep your pet’s joints and muscles strong. Ensure the exercise is appropriate for your pet's age and breed to avoid excessive strain on the joints.
Proper Nutrition
Feeding your pet a balanced diet that includes the right amount of nutrients can prevent obesity, which is a major risk factor for arthritis. Consult with your vet to tailor a diet that supports joint health, potentially including supplements like glucosamine and chondroitin.
Routine Check-Ups
Regular veterinary check-ups can help catch early signs of joint wear and tear before they develop into full-blown arthritis. Early detection can significantly improve the effectiveness of preventative measures.
Joint Health Supplements
Consider starting joint health supplements early, especially for breeds that are prone to joint issues. These supplements can help maintain cartilage health and joint fluid. Consult with your vet or Dr. White at EverPal regarding which supplements are suitable.
Comfortable Sleeping Areas
Provide soft bedding to relieve pressure on the joints. This can help prevent the development of calluses and lessen joint stress, which can contribute to arthritis.
Guidance from Top-Tier Veterinarians, Right From Your Home
If you suspect your beloved pet may be suffering from arthritis, or if you need more information on how to care for your cherished fur baby, consult Dr. Terry White at EverPal for guidance and support. Timely intervention can make all the difference!
Consultations are currently available only for residents and pets living in California.
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